Drivers of Carbon Emissions in South Asia: Analyzing Economic Growth, Urbanization, Tourism, Industrialization, and Renewable Energy

Authors

  • Rehana Kousar M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Sharyar M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Mahnaz Muhammad Ali Associate Professor, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Rana Sharjeel Akhtar M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Economics Education, Faculty of Economics and Business, Semarang State University, Sekaran Campus Gunungpati Semarang 50229 Central Java, Indonesia

Keywords:

CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth,, Urbanization,, Tourism,, renewable energy use, agriculture sector, South Asia

Abstract

Rising CO₂ emissions pose a global challenge, including in South Asia. This study examines the determinants of CO₂ emissions—economic growth, urbanization, tourism, industrialization, renewable energy, agriculture, and forest area—using panel data (1990–2021) from South Asian countries. Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and panel unit root tests reveal long-run relationships. Urbanization, tourism, and agricultural value-added significantly increase CO₂ emissions, while economic growth, renewable energy, and forest area negatively correlate with emissions. The findings suggest that energy-intensive urbanization, tourism, and agricultural expansion drive emissions, whereas renewable energy adoption and forest conservation mitigate them. Policymakers must prioritize sustainable urbanization, green tourism, and renewable energy transitions to curb emissions while fostering economic development.

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Published

22-06-2025

How to Cite

Kousar, R., Sharyar, M., Muhammad Ali, M., & Akhtar, R. S. (2025). Drivers of Carbon Emissions in South Asia: Analyzing Economic Growth, Urbanization, Tourism, Industrialization, and Renewable Energy. Journal of Contemporary Macroeconomic Issues, 6(1), 14–31. Retrieved from https://ojs.scekr.org/index.php/jcmi/article/view/176